A BAN on the legal trade of ivory, which has been in place since 2008, has not shut down markets as seen by large scale seizures which point to a highly organized nature of these illegal operations.
Analysts say between 2009 to 2022 there were at least 152 large-scale ivory seizures (each above 500kg), totalling approximately 270 tonnes of ivory, indicative of serious organised criminal activity.
Southern African elephant range states argue lifting restrictions on trade will saturate the market and stem the activities for good.
On the other hand, conservation players and a bloc of 28 African countries fear legal ivory trade will encourage poaching.
They insist, ivory trade should remain banned, coupled with innovative law enforcement efforts.
CITES, a global agreement between 183 nations, prohibits open trade in ivory.
It’s a tug-of- war which took centre stage at the Zimbabwe Elephant Conference on Tuesday as TRAFFIC, presented their monitoring efforts in response to the increasingly organised transnational nature of illegal wildlife trade.
“In the first half of 2019 alone, three of the largest ever seizures were recorded: 9.1 tonnes of ivory seized in Vietnam in March; 7.4 tonnes seized in China and; and 8.8 tonnes seized in Singapore in July,” Dr Nicola Okes, Project Manager, TRAFFIC, said in her presentation at the Zimbabwe Elephant Conference.
“Such large shipments point to the highly organized nature of these illegal operations, and in response, this requires a coordinated and collaborative law enforcement response in range and implementer states,” Okes added.
“This requires a coordinated and collaborative law enforcement response in range and implementer states.”
In 1997 the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) mandated TRAFFIC to establish and maintain a robust system to monitor ivory trade, now known as the Elephant Trade and Information System (ETIS).
This centralised database holds tens of thousands of records pertaining to ivory seizures and law enforcement actions from more than 100 countries and enables monitoring and analyses of complicated trade flows, TRAFFIC said on its website.
Southern African elephant range states who met in Hwange in a bid to come up with a common purpose ahead of 19th meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES CoP19) expected to take place in Panama in November, said the existence of a market, albeit, in an illegal state is proof there is a gap for open trade.
The CoP convenes every two to three years to review the implementation of the Convention.
“Since we stopped legal trade of ivory in 2009, there is a spike in these contraband that are being intercepted why because demand remains and its causing these illegal activities they should allow the legal trade of ivory so that we saturate the market,” said Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife director Fulton Mangwanya.
In a joint statement on Monday, EIA and 49 other non-governmental conservation organisations said “attempts to restart legal trade would provide organised crime networks with further opportunities to poach and launder trafficked ivory into the legal market.”
“Not even a week ago, 1.5 tonnes of ivory originating from countries in Southern Africa was seized in southeast Democratic Republic of the Congo, highlighting how illegal trans-boundary ivory trade is a current, persistent threat across the continent. In light of the current global biodiversity crisis, we cannot afford to repeat the mistakes of the past,” the grouping said.
The coalition believes the proposal by southern African states will fall flat on its face, in the wake of renewed vigilance and the lack of global appetite for legal ivory trade.
“As the single largest destination for illegal ivory, China closed its domestic ivory market in December 2017 a decision now hailed as a significant conservation gain for elephant conservation,” the grouping said.
“The USA, Singapore, the EU, the UK, and numerous African countries have also closed their markets, mindful of the blurred lines between legal and illegal trade.
“At the last CITES CoP in 2019 (CoP18), efforts to restart trade and lower the protection of elephants by Southern African countries were once again vetoed by most Parties, including the vast majority of African elephant range states,” the coalition said.
“At a time when demand for ivory is at an historic low and awareness of the need for sustained biodiversity is at an historic high, we urge the international community and policymakers to resist attempts by Zimbabwe and Southern African countries to restart ivory trade.”
Delivering a position paper at the end of the Conference, dubbed Hwange Declaration, ministers of Namibia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Zambia and Tanzania, the delegates said they had “agreed that current CITES decisions are no longer scientific but based on votes and emotions. As such there is need to review the convention and ensure it serves its intended purpose.”
Kenya and Senegal who were invited for the Conference were among the notable absentees.
Zimbabwe’s environment minister Mangaliso Ndlovhu said the country had called for the conference with the hope of engaging other African countries outside SADC “with whom we differ in terms of conservation approach” with an “intention to find common ground on sustainable elephant conservation.”
“Whilst we could not get their attendance to this important event, we feel that the conference has allowed, the seven countries gathered here today, to make progress in mapping the way forward for our communities and for the African Elephant…among us we make up over 65% of the African elephant and our voice needs to be heard,” he said
